ABSTRACT
Background: Anatomical variations of cystic duct (CD) are frequently unrecognized. It is important to be aware of these variations prior to any surgical, percutaneous, or endoscopic intervention procedures. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the imaging features of cystic duct and its variants using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and document their prevalence in our population. Materials and Methods: This study included 265 patients who underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography due to different indications and variations of cystic duct were documented. Results: Normal lateral insertion of cystic duct at middle third of common hepatic duct was seen in 29.43% of cases. Medial insertion was seen in 2.63% of cases, 2.26% were low medial insertions. Low insertion of cystic duct was noted in 1.51 % of cases. Parallel course of cystic duct was present in 0.38% of cases. High insertion was noted in 0.38% cases and no case of short cystic duct was noted. No case of cystic duct draining into right hepatic duct was seen. Conclusion: Cystic duct variations are common and MRCP is an optimal imaging modality for demonstration of cystic duct anatomy.
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study aimed to systematically review available literature of in vitro studies on apical extrusion of debris through rotary instrumentation in comparison to manual instrumentation in pediatric endodontics, and also to perform a comparison between various rotary instrumentation systems for assessment of debris extrusion. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar without any language restriction and year of publication. A planned search strategy was made for PubMed and applied to other databases. After full-text reading, 7 articles were selected for quantitative synthesis. Modified CONSORT checklist of items for reporting in vitro studies of dental materials was used for quality assessment of included studies. Results: Root canal preparation with rotary instrumentation led to lesser apical debris extrusion than manual instrumentation. Self-adjusting file system was associated with the least debris extrusion among all included studies, followed by ProTaper Next, Kedo-S, ProTaper, K3, Mtwo, Revo-S, and Wave One. Conclusion: More apical debris extrusion was seen with manual instrumentation than rotary instrumentation. Furtrhermore, variance in debris extrusion was seen with different rotary file systems.
ABSTRACT
Any congenital or acquired abnormality in the vertebral column is of interest for radiologist, orthopedician,forensic pathologist, neurologist and clinical anatomist. Such abnormality in the vertebrae may be eitherasymptomatic or may limit our movements because of the important structures related to them.During the osteology demonstration session for medical undergraduate students, we have found a few abnormalvertebrae of different regions of the spinal column.The clinical implications and embryological significance of these specimens is discussed here
ABSTRACT
Fluoride is an accumulative poison at high dose of intake for humans and animals. In the present study, the sorption of fluoride from aqueous solution has been investigated on synthetic hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) and hydrous zirconium(IV)-iron(III) oxide (HZFO) by batch mode experiments. Both HFO and HZFO were crystalline and HZO was amorphous in nature. The parametes studied were the effect of pH and sorption equilibriums. The results showed increase in fluoride-sorption with increasing pH from nearly 2.0 to 5.0, 4.6 and 6.8 for HFO, HZO and HZFO, respectively. Analysis of temperature dependent sorption data obtained at equilibrium solution pH 6.8 (+/- 0.2) has been described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherm model equations. The present sorption data fit, in general, found very well with the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models; and the data fit for HZFO and HFO found to increase, but for HZO the data found to decrease with increasing temperature. The computed thermodynamic parameters such as deltaG0, delltaH0 and deltaS0 from the Langmuir equilibrium constant (b, L/Umg) values show that the fluoride-sorption on HZFO was more spontaneous and endothermic process compared to HFO. The deltaH0 value obtained for fluoride adsorption on HZO indicates exothermic nature.